shift f(x)=-cos(x)-1 — step-by-step solution

Let's find the phase shift of

- \cos (x) - 1

For

a \cdot \cos (b x + c) + d

, write

b x + c = b \cdot (x + \frac{c}{b})

: the graph of

a \cdot \cos (b x) + d

is shifted horizontally by

- \frac{c}{b}

Here the angle is

x

: b =

1

and c =

0

, so the phase shift is -c/b =

0

The phase shift is zero: the graph is not shifted

▶Phase shift:

0